R. H. Mitchell, Y.-H. Lai, and R. V.
Williams, "N-Bromosuccinimide Dimethylformamide: A Mild, Selective Nuclear
Mono-Bromination Reagent for Reactive Aromatic Compounds." J. Org. Chem.,
1979, 44, 4733.
I. Fleming and R. V. Williams, "The
Reaction between bis(trimethylsilyl)-cyclopentadiene and Dichloroketen, and the
Diels-Alder Reactions between N-Phenylmaleimide and Two Silylated
Methylcyclopentadienes," J.C.S. Perkin, I 1981, 684.
L. A. Paquette and R. V. Williams,
"Silicon in Organic Synthesis.12. trans-1-Benzenesulfonyl-2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethylene,
A Diels-Alder Dienophile Equivalent of Acetylene and Monosubstituted
Acetylenes," Tetrahedron Letters, 1981, 22, 4643.
R. H. Mitchell, R. V. Williams, and T. W.
Dingle, "Toward the Understanding of Benzannelated Annulenes: Synthesis
and Properties of [a,h]- and [a,i]-Ring
Dibenzannelated Dihydropyrenes," J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104,
2560.
R. H. Mitchell, R. V. Williams, R. Mahadevan,
Y.-H. Lai, and T. W. Dingle, "Toward the Understanding of Benzannelated
Annulenes: A Simple Correlation of the Diatropicity of Several Benzannelated
Dihydropyrenes in terms of Bond Order Deviations with Predictions for Other
Benzannulenes," J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 2571.
L. A. Paquette, R. V. Williams, R. V. C.
Carr, P. Charumilind, and J. F. Blount, "[1,5]Hydrogen Sigmatropy within
Isodicyclopentadiene. Cycloadditive Capture of a Fleeting
Isomer with Dienophiles of Low Reactivity," J. Org. Chem., 1982,
47, 4566.
R. H. Mitchell, T. W. Dingle, P. R. West, R.
V. Williams, and R. C. Thompson, "On the Possibility of New Families of
(4n+2)π Electron Biradicaloid Hydrocarbons," J. Org. Chem., 1982,
47, 5210.
R. H. Mitchell, T. W. Dingle, and R. V.
Williams, "2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene
/TMEDA/n-Butyllithium: An Unusual Ambident Aromatic Nucleophile," J.
Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 903.
L. A. Paquette, A. R. Browne, C. W. Doecke,
and R. V. Williams, "A Short Stereocontrolled Synthesis of
[4]Peristylane," J.Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 4113.
A. J. Fry, J. Simons, M. Tashior, T. Yamato,
R. H. Mitchell, T. W. Dingle, R. V. Williams, and R. Mahadevan,
"Electrochemical Reduction of Substituted 15,16-Dihydropyrenes in
Dimethylformamide," Acta Chem. Scand., 1983, 837,
445.
R. V. C. Carr, R. V.
Williams, and L. A. Paquette, "Dienophilic Properties of Phenylvinyl
Sulfone and trans-1-Benzenesulfonyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)-ethylene. Their Utilization as Synthons for Ethylene,
1-Alkenes, Acetylene, and Monosubstituted Alkynes in the Construction of
Functionalized Six-membered Rings via [4+2]π Cycloaddition
Methodology," J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 4976.
R. H. Mitchell, P. D. Slowey, T. Kamada, R.
V. Williams, and P. J. Garratt, "The Mills-Nixon Effect - A resolution:
Clear evidence for no significant bond localization in small ring annelated
aromatics. The Synthesis and diatropicity of cyclobutane
annelated dihydropyrenes," J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106,
2431.
L. A. Paquette, R. V.
Williams, M. Vazeux, and A. R. Browne, "Factors Conducive to the Cascade
Rearrangement of Sterically Congested and Geometrically Restricted
Three-Membered Rings. Facile Synthesis of a Topologically Nonplanar Heterocycle," J.
Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 2194.
R. H. Mitchell, M. Chaudhary, T. W. Dingle,
and R. V. Williams, "Unusual macrocyclic biphenyls containing the
dihydropyrene nucleus. An observation of aryl group transfer
from phosphine to aryl halide using nickel complexes," J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
1984, 106, 7776.
R. V. Lloyd, and R. V. Williams, "The
bridgehead decalin radicals: Evidence for non-planarity at the radical
site," J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 5379.
R. H. Mitchell, T. K. Vinod, G. J. Bodwell,
K. S. Weerawarna, W. Anker, R. V. Williams, and G. W. Bushnell, "A fusion
of Metals, Cyclophanes, and Dihdropyrenes," Pure and Applied Chemistry,
1986, 58, 15.
R. H. Mitchell, M. Chaudhary, T. Kamada, P.
D. Slowey and R. V. Williams, "cis-Dimethyldihydropyrene synthesis:
an approach utilising a Diels-Alder route to 1,2,3-trisubstituted
benzenes," Tetrahedron, 1986, 42, 1741.
H. A. Kurtz, R. V. Lloyd, and R. V. Williams,
"The Bridgehead Decalin Radicals: An MM2 and MNDO Study," J. Org.
Chem., 1987, 52, 302.
R. V. Williams, and C.-L.A. Sung, "The
Unexpected Regio and Stereospecific Diels-Alder Reaction between
Cyclopentadiene and 2-Benzenesulphonyl-3-trimethylsilylbicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene,"
J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 590.
P. C. B. Page,
R. V. Williams, C.-L. A. Sung, H. A. Kurtz, and T. M. Harris,
"Experimental evidence establishing an upper limit to the activation
barrier for the butterfly bending of the double bond in anti-sesquinorbornene,"
Tetrahedron Letters, 1988, 29, 19.
P. C. B. Page,
R. V. Williams, and H. A.
Kurtz, "The quest for a neutral homoaromatic hydrocarbon. The MNDO study of Pentacyclo[7.2.1.04,11.06,9,.06,10]dodeca-1,4-diene
an annelated semibullvalene derivative" J. Org. Chem., 1988,
53, 3626.
R. V. Williams, H. A. Kurtz, and B. Farley,
"The use of semiempirical energy partitioning terms in the study of
through space (homoaromatic) interactions," Tetrahedron, 1988,
44, 7455.
R. V. Williams, W. J. Ebey, X. Ji, and D. van
der Helm, "The Crystal Structures of Different Diastereomers of 2-benzenesulfinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene. C7H9SOC6H5".
Acta Cryst. 1989, B45, 93
R. V. Williams, and X. Lin,
"New Ketene Equivalents for the Diels-Alder Reaction. Vinyl Sulphoxide Cycloadditions," J. Chem.
Soc., Chem. Commun.,
1989, 1872.
R. V. Williams, G. W. Kelley, D. van der
Helm, J. Loebel, and P. B. C. Page, "Experimental Evidence for the Lack of
Stereoselectivity in the Electrophilic Quench of α- Sulfonyl
Carbanions," J. Org. Chem., 1990, 55, 3840.
R. V. Williams, and K. Chauhan, "New
Allene Equivalents for the Diels-Alder Reaction: Vinyl Sulphoxide
Cycloadditions," J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 1672.
R. H. Mitchell, M. Chaudhary, R. V. Williams,
R. Fyles, J. Gibson, M. Ashwood-Smith, and A. J. Fry, "Straining Strained
Molecules. III. The Spectral and Mutagenic Properties and an Alternate Synthesis
of Diaceperylene and Dicyclopenta[1,2,3-cd:1',2',3'-lm]perylene,"
R. V. Williams, M.M.R. Todime, P. Enemark, D.
van der Helm, and S.K. Rizvi, "Unusual Stereoselectivity in the
Diels-Alder Addition of Cyclopentadiene with the Bicyclo[2.2.2]octene
Nucleus," J.Org. Chem.,
1993, 58, 6740.
R. V. Williams, and H. A. Kurtz,
"Homoaromaticity," Advances in Phys. Org. Chem, 1994,
29, 273.
R. V. Williams and H. A. Kurtz, "A
Theoretical Investigation of Through Space Interactions. Part 3 The Semi-Empirical Study of the Cope Rearrangement in Singly
Annelated Semibullvalenes," J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans., 2, 1994,
147.
R. V. Williams, K. Chauhan, and V. R. Gadgil,
"1-Benzenesulphonyl-2-trimethylsilylacetylene: A New Acetylene Equivalent
for the Diels-Alder Reaction," J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.,
1994, 1739.
R. V. Williams, V. R. Gadgil, K. Chauhan, D.
van der Helm, M. B. Hossain, L. M. Jackman, and E. Fernandes,
"1,5-Dimethyl-2,4,6,8-semibullvalenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride: A Close
Approach to a Neutral Homoaromatic Semibullvalene," J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
1996, 118, 4208.
J. H. Cooley and R. V.
Williams, "Endo and Exo Stereochemistry in the Diels-Alder
Reaction; Kinetic Versus Thermodynamic Control," J. Chem. Educ,
1997, 74, 582.
R. V. Williams, V. R. Gadgil, A. Vij, J. M.
Cook, Q. Huang, and G. Kubiak, "Unexpected Stereoselectivity in the
Weiss-Cook Condensation of Dimethyl 1,3-Acetonedicarboxylate with
2,3-Pentanedione," J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1997,
1425.
H. Jiao, R. Nagelkerke, H. A. Kurtz, R. V.
Williams, W. T. Borden, and P. von R. Schleyer, "Annelated
Semibullvalenes: A Theoretical Study of How They "Cope" with
Strain," J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 5921.
R. V. Williams, W. D. Edwards, A. Vij, R. W.
Tolbert, and R. H. Mitchell, "A Theoretical Study and X-ray Structure
Determination of Dimethyldihydropyrene," J. Org. Chem., 1998,
63, 3125.
R. V. Williams, V. R. Gadgil, K. Chauhan, L.
M. Jackman, and E. Fernandes, "The Search for Homoaromatic
Semibullvalenes. Part 5.1 1,5-Dimethyl-2,4,6,8-semibullvalenetetracarboxylic
Dianhydride," J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 3302.
R. V. Williams, W. D. Edwards, V. R. Gadgil, M. E. Colvin, E. T. Seidl, D. van der Helm and M. B. Hossain "Pyramidalized Olefins : Ab Initio Study and X-ray Structure Determination of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadienes," J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 5268.
R. V. Williams,
"Semibullvalenes - Homoaromatic Bovines?" Adv. Theor. Interesting Mol., 1998, 4, 157.
R. V. Williams, V. R. Gadgil, P. Luger, T. Koritsanszky, and M. Weber, "The Search for Homoaromatic Semibullvalenes. Part 6.1 X-Ray Structure and Charge Density Studies of 1,5-Dimethyl-2,4,6,8-semibullvalenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride in the Temperature Range 123-15 K," J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 1180.
R. V. Williams, V. R. Gadgil, G. G. Garner, J. D. Williams, and A. Vij, "Pyramidalized Olefins: The Stereospecific Conjugate Reduction of a Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene," Tetrahedron Lett. 1999, 40, 2689.
J. H. Cooley and R. V. Williams, "Qualitative Analysis in the Beginning Organic Laboratory," J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 1117.
R. V. Williams, M. E. Colvin, N. Tran, R. N.
Warrener and D. Margetic, "Exceptionally Pyramidalized Olefins: A
Theoretical Study of the Cyclopropenyl Fused Tricycles - Tricyclo[3.2.1.02,4]oct-2(4)-ene,
Tricyclo[3.2.1.02,4]octa-2(4),6-diene, Tricyclo[3.2.2.02,4]non-2(4)-ene
and Tricyclo[3.2.2.02,4]nona-2(4),6-diene," J. Org. Chem.
2000, 65, 562.
A. Vij, J. L. Palmer, K. Chauhan, and R. V. Williams, “The Role
of Hydrogen Bonding in Pseudo-Macrocyclic Ring Formation in
2,6-dimethyl-1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene-1,3,5,7-tetracarboxylic Acid
Monohydrate,” J. Chem. Cryst. 2000, 30,
621.
R. V. Williams, “Semibullvalenes
and Related Molecules: Ever Closer
Approaches to Neutral Homoaromaticity,” Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2001,
227.
M. Heubes, T. Dietz, H. Quast, M. Seefelder, A.
Witzel, V. R. Gadgil, and R. V. Williams, “Lifting of the Degeneracy in
Semibullvalenes by Remote and Direct Substituents: A Quantitative Study Using Variable-Temperature
Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy,” J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66,
1949.
R. V. Williams, “Homoaromaticity” Chem.
Rev. 2001, 101, 1185.
D. A. Hrovat, R. V. Williams A. C. Goren and W. T. Borden, “B3LYP
calculations on Bishomoaromaticity in Substituted Semibullvalenes,” J.
Comput. Chem. 2001, 22, 1565.
R. V. Williams, J. R. Armantrout, B. Twamley,
R. H. Mitchell, T. R. Ward and S. Bandyopadhyay, “A Theoretical and
Experimental Scale of Aromaticity. The
First Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shifts (NICS) Study of the
Dimethyldihydropyrene Nucleus,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124,
13495.
U.
Majumder, J. R. Armantrout, R. V. Williams and J. M. Shreeve “N, N-Difluorotris(t-butyl)silyl Amine - The First
Organosilyl Difluoroamine. Synthesis and Computational Studies,” J. Org. Chem. 2002,
67, 8435.
D.
B. Kimball. M. M. Haley, R. H. Mitchell, T. R. Ward, S. Bandyopadhyay R. V.
Williams and J. R. Armantrout,
“Dimethyldihydropyrene-Dehydrobenzoannulene Hybrids: Studies in
Aromaticity and Photoisomerization,” J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67,
8798.
A.
J. Boydston, M. M. Haley, R. V. Williams and J. R. Armantrout,
“Diatropicity of 3,4,7,8,9,10,13,14-Octadehydro[14]annulenes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical
Investigation,” J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 8812.
S.
Samdal, A. D. Richardson, K. Hedberg, V. R. Gadgil, M. M. Meyer and R. V.
Williams, “Gas-Phase Electron-Diffraction Investigation and
Quantum-Chemical Calculations of the Structure of
1,5-Dimethylsemibullvalene-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic Dianhydride,” Helv.
Chim. Acta 2003, 86, 1741.
J.
H. Cooley and R. V. Williams, “The Pyrolysis of Polystyrene,” Chem.
Educator [Online] 2003, 8, 1; DOI
10.1333/s00897030720a.
D. Margetic, R. V. Williams and R. N. Warrener, “Pyramidalized Olefins: A DFT Study of the Homosesquinorbornene and Sesquibicyclo[2.2.2]octane Nuclei,” J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 9186.
R. V. Williams and D. Margetić, “Pyramidalized
Olefins: A DFT Study of bicyclo-[2.1.1],
-[3.2.1] and -[3.2.2] Alkenes and their Fused
Derivatives. Two Rare
Examples of π-Facially Symmetric Pyramidal Olefins,” J. Org. Chem.
2004, 69, 7134.
R.
H. Mitchell , R. Blunden , G. Hollett , S. Bandyopadhyay , R. V. Williams , B.
Twamley, “13-Methyl-2,6-dithia[7]metacyclophane - A Useful Molecule
to Connect VT NMR Results and Structure with Calculations,” J.
Org. Chem. 2005, 70, 675.
D.
A. Hrovat, E. C. Brown, R. V. Williams, H. Quast, W. T. Borden, “How
Important Is Bishomoaromaticity in Determining the Relative Barrier Heights for
the Degenerate Cope Rearrangements of Semibullvalene, Barbaralane, Bullvalene
and Dihydrobullvalene?” J. Org. Chem. 2005,
70, 2627.
M.
Seefelder, M. Heubes, H. Quast, W. D. Edwards, J. R. Armantrout, R. V.
Williams, C. J. Cramer, A. C. Goren, D. A. Hrovat and W. T. Borden “An
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Stabilization of Delocalized Forms of
Semibullvalenes and Barbaralanes by Dipolar and Polarizable Solvents. Observation of a Delocalized Structure that is Lower in Free Energy
than the Localized Form,” J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70,
3437.
R. V. Williams, W. D. Edwards, R. H. Mitchell and S. G. Robinson “A DFT Study of the Thermal, Orbital Symmetry Forbidden, Cyclophanediene to Dihydropyrene Electrocyclic Reaction. Predictions to Improve the Dimethyldihydropyrene Photoswitches,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 16207
T. Yoshimura, A. Inaba, M.
Sonoda, K. Tahara, Y. Tobe and R. V. Williams “Synthesis and
Properties of Trefoil-Shaped Tris(hexadehydrotribenzo[12]annulene)
and Tris(tetradehydrotribenzo[12]annulene),” Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 2933.
K. Tahara, T. Yoshimura, M.
Sonoda, Y. Tobe and R. V. Williams “Theoretical Studies on Graphyne
Substructures: Geometry, Aromaticity and
Electronic Properties of the Multiply Fused Dehydrobenzo[12]annulenes,”
J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 1437
K. Ayub, R. Zhang, S. G. Robinson, B. Twamley, R. V. Williams and R. H. Mitchell “Suppressing the Thermal Metacyclophane-1,9-diene and Evidence Supporting the Proposed Biradicaloid Mechanism,” J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 451.
R. H. Mitchell, R. Zhang, D. J. Berg, B. Twamley, and R. V. Williams “Measuring Aromaticity with the Dimethyldihydropyrene Ring Current Probe. Experimental and Calculational Studies of the Fulvenes and the Strongly Antiaromatic Cyclopentadienone Reveal Large Mills-Nixon Type Bond Localization Effects. Synthesis of Fulvene Fused Dihydropyrenes,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. In Press.